Free Essays on Opinions And Differences Between Windows NT And Unix (Linux)

Suppositions and Differences Between Windows NT and Unix (Linux) â€Å"A Professional decision or choice for an Operating Systems† There are a wide range of working frameworks and various sorts. A great many people wonder what the distinctions are between these working frameworks accessible today. Abilities are the main considerations that have a key influence in dynamic for people and organizations. Attempting to figure out which framework is ideal to utilize relies upon a lost of various things. Most significant organizations need to pick between various sorts of servers. The most widely recognized two are Windows NT and Unix (Linux). Windows NT servers are expanding in notoriety with Microsoft yet is it expanding the efficiency of your MIS activities? When attempting to pick among Unix and Windows NT you should consider this: A Unix working framework will give you numerous decisions; any sort of equipment, various selections of sellers. It is dynamic; you can fabricate a modified piece to fit the particular processing needs within reach. Windows NT will give you limitations: just Intel or Alpha and afterward just a single GUI, NT server is static. For instance you will always be unable to assemble a tweaked piece. IT experts accept that a few organizations are going to Unix working frameworks masculine since NT bombs excessively. In arrange World, Companies aren’t slanted to discuss their choices in view of weight from upstairs. Administrators who chose, against counsel from innovation individuals, to utilize NT as opposed to Unix are not reluctant to lose face. Unix is anything but a solitary working framework; it alludes to a group of working frameworks. Mary Hubley makes reference to that the public’s excessively constructive impression of NT’s capacities depends chiefly on promoting publicity, â€Å"Many individuals accept that NT is simpler to utilize that it really is, scales better that it does, and is sufficiently amazing to do what Unix can do. Be that as it may, the vast majority of this recognition is because of extraordinary promoting by Microsoft, ... Free Essays on Opinions And Differences Between Windows NT And Unix (Linux) Free Essays on Opinions And Differences Between Windows NT And Unix (Linux) Suppositions and Differences Between Windows NT and Unix (Linux) â€Å"A Professional decision or choice for an Operating Systems† There are a wide range of working frameworks and a wide range of types. A great many people wonder what the distinctions are between these working frameworks accessible today. Abilities are the main considerations that have a key impact in dynamic for people and enterprises. Attempting to figure out which framework is ideal to utilize relies upon a lost of various things. Most significant organizations need to pick between a wide range of sorts of servers. The most widely recognized two are Windows NT and Unix (Linux). Windows NT servers are expanding in ubiquity with Microsoft yet is it expanding the efficiency of your MIS tasks? When attempting to pick among Unix and Windows NT you should consider this: A Unix working framework will give you numerous decisions; any kind of equipment, differing selections of merchants. It is dynamic; you can fabricate a redid bit to fit the particular processing needs within reach. Windows NT will give you limitations: just Intel or Alpha and afterward just a single GUI, NT server is static. For instance you will always be unable to manufacture a modified part. IT experts accept that a few organizations are going to Unix working frameworks masculine since NT flops excessively. In arrange World, Companies aren’t slanted to discuss their choices on account of weight from upstairs. Administrators who chose, against counsel from innovation individuals, to utilize NT as opposed to Unix are not reluctant to lose face. Unix is definitely not a solitary working framework; it alludes to a group of working frameworks. Mary Hubley specifies that the public’s excessively constructive view of NT’s abilities depends basically on promoting publicity, â€Å"Many individuals accept that NT is simpler to utilize that it really is, scales better that it does, and is sufficiently amazing to do what Unix can do. Be that as it may, the majority of this observation is because of extraordinary promoting by Microsoft, ...

Basic Robotics Essay Research Paper What makes free essay sample

Essential Robotics Essay, Research Paper What makes a machine? What is a machine? Well the term robot initially originates from Russia. A Czeck producer, Karek Capek composed a dramatization in 1921 ( interpreted in 1923 ) called # 8220 ; R.U.R. : Rossum # 8217 ; s Universal Robots. # 8221 ; . The word he adjusted is the Czech word # 8220 ; robota # 8221 ; planning # 8220 ; subjugation # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; resolution work # 8221 ; . Despite the fact that the show, which was just count of the processing plant Science Fiction, blurred into history, the word he utilized remain and now standard in most phonetic correspondences, and means all things considered the equivalent everyplace. The word # 8220 ; Robot # 8221 ; can other than be deciphered as mechanical slave. This equivalent word has had numerous different words either connected or made as a result of it. A few outlines are: # 8220 ; Android # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Droid # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Bot # 8221 ; , and # 8220 ; Robotics # 8221 ; Issac Asimov is credited with 'instituting # 8217 ; the word mechanical autonomy, which implies the review of robots. He so planned the commended # 8220 ; Three Laws of Robotics # 8221 ; which are: 1. A Robot may non hurt a human or however inertia permit a human to come to hurt 2. A Robot must obey offers given to it, aside from where they strife with the First Law. 3. A Robot must keep it # 8217 ; s ain being, aside from where it clashes with the First or Second Law Anyway in this manner, in the wake of encountering these to be insufficent he included a # 8220 ; Zeroth Law # 8221 ; which is: # 8220 ; A Robot may non hurt humankind or through inertia permit mankind to come to hurt # 8221 ; . The changed Torahs of apply autonomy is: 1. A Robot may non hurt mankind or however dormancy permit a humankind to come to hurt 2. A Robot may non hurt a human or however idleness permit a human to come to hurt, aside from where it clashes with the Zeroth Law 3. A Robot must obey offers given to it, aside from where they struggle with the Zeroth or First Law 4. A Robot must persevere it # 8217 ; s ain being, aside from where it clashes with the Zeroth, First or Second Law These Torahs are non in topographic point today as no machine has yet been manufactured wise bounty to comprehend these Torahs. Indeed he made them in a reaction to the apparent # 8220 ; Frankenstein condition # 8221 ; ( The conviction that robots, particularly machines with human characteristics, are jeopardizing ) . His Torahs have separated through a great part of the logical control fiction stories about robots since their advancement. Partss of a machine A machine is in a general sense made up of a base, encephalon, locators and actuators. The base of the machine can be fixed, ( fixed ) or itinerant. Machines utilized in industry are delineations of fixed robots. They can non travel their base off from where they are working. Portable bases are normally stages with wheels or ways connected. On the other hand of wheels or ways, a few machines utilize legs so as to travel roughly. The robots encephalon is a processing machine. In any case, figuring machines are by plan extremely touchy to movement, quiver and residue. Other than registering machines have a must be a sure size which constrains the robots uses. Fixed machines are non all things considered restricted in such manner, as the # 8220 ; encephalon # 8221 ; can be set in a new corner thus connected to the robot by long abroad messages. On the different manus, migrant robots are restricted in the size of the figuring machine they can use, as the # 8220 ; cerebrums # 8221 ; are shipped on the stage ( there are a couple of avoidances ) . The limitations set on roaming processing machine are size and weight, the bigger in size, the bigger in weight. Anyway minimal measured processing machines other than all around normal little treating power, and large figuring machines are non ground-breaking bounty so the treating intensity of most migrant robots is severely constrained. Finders utilized via machines differ between robots relying upon their requests and uses. Every machine needs certain data so as to work fairly. The existent identifiers take numerous structures and signifiers. All around the locators utilized via robots are: ? Visual identifiers ? Inertial, Acceleration and Heading identifiers ? Range happening gadgets ? Power/torque, accelerometers, haptic locators ? Sonar identifiers ? Dish/tilt systems ? Estimating added substance motion ? Interfacing identifiers Actuators utilized in apply autonomy is about ever a blend of various electro-mechanical gadgets. Once in a while robots use liquid mechanicss, unconventionally in the auto structure industry. The electro-mechanical gadgets extend from 'muscle-wires # 8217 ; to economical RC-servo and engines. There are a few kinds of engines accessible including: ? Coordinated ? Hoofer ? Air conditioning servo ? Brush less DC servo ? Brushed DC servo These are so associated with abroad message, cogwheels, axles, squares and the same to give the machine movement, and the capacity to interface with it # 8217 ; s condition.

More IAP updates

More IAP updates The Maslab 2007 competition (the culmination of the class for which Ive been TAing this IAP) is tomorrow evening, and I am excited. The teams have been working very hard, and dealt well with setbacks. There was an interesting incident yesterday evening (I wasnt there) when one team accidentally shorted their battery and their robot caught on fire! But now they have a new battery, and their robot is fine, so they should be good to go tomorrow. I hear from a friend who knows that team very well that they proudly sent out some photos of their robot without giving any context for the photos, and that she asked them, Er, whats with the smoke? or something to that effect. Some students in the lab have fallen asleep at their laptops or on chairs. Im guessing those were the ones who pulled all-nighters or close to it. I remember what that sort of thing was like last year! It has been very cold recently, and there has been some snow, leading to a lot of frosh from warm climates making exclamations like OMG the snow is COLD! and amusing everyone else. I remember my first winter at MIT, which was pretty cold. It was December, and I was going out with a friend and her roommate to celebrate her birthday. It was cold and windy, but she, being from Chicago, thought nothing of it. We walked all over Boston because she couldnt decide where she wanted to eat. I had only limited experience with that sort of cold and almost none with that much snowand the roommate was from India and having her first snow experience! Finally, we explained that at this point we were willing to eat just about anywhere as long as it had a heater and an intact roof. We did gun defense in Jiu Jitsu last night (in the self-defense PE class). The idea is not to play hero and to attack a mugger with a gun who would otherwise have just run off, but to be able to defend yourself in a situation where it looks like the person might actually shoot you. We used rubber guns, and worked in pairs, with one person yelling BANG! The advanced class finally shut the door between the two rooms because they were sick of our noise. :) I played in the Assassins Guild tenday game. My character even survived game, which was no small feat in this particular game, as the same could not be said of 28 (out of 52 total) other characters. The publicly accessible game info lives here, and you can even get an idea of what was going on and what the plots were if you read the scenario and wrapup documents. Theres even a photo gallery from the first few days of game (I know I dont give you guys a lot of photos in my entries these days, so I figured you might enjoy knowing where some photos were). Im pretty sure that one of the award-winning players from the game is someone who used to occasionally comment on this blog a long time ago. I have other friends spending their IAP learning glassblowing, metalworking, archery, new programming languages, and so on. If you come to MIT, what do you want to do during IAP? This years offerings are viewable here.

The Role of God and Religion in The Great Gatsby by F....

In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the God is one who does not interfere with what people are doing on Earth. He does care about them, even if they have done wrong, doesn’t try to change them, or their morals. He is described as a â€Å"watcher† (Fitzgerald 167). He watches people cause their own destruction but does not do anything about it. The role of God and Religion in Gatsby is evident in the lack of religion among the upper/business class, it’s effect on mortality, and the symbolism of God. In upper/ business characters, such as Jay Gatsby and Tom and Daisy Buchanan, there is no mention of religious affiliation. Unlike many churches and their members, their outright disregard of Prohibition laws shows that they didn’t support†¦show more content†¦Their lack of belief in God ultimately causes their moral downfall. Whereas with the lower classman George Wilson, he appears to have a stronger set of morals than the richer, well-o f characters in the novel. Although he doesn’t have the means to drink and party, he also doesn’t express the desire to. Wilson is faithful to Myrtle, makes an honest living and is more religious than the other characters. Often times, alluding to symbols of God in Gatsby. While reading The Great Gatsby, we see a symbol of God in the eyes of Dr. TJ Eckleburg and the character of Owl Eyes. Dr. Eckleburg represents an all-seeing, uninvolved God who sees the immoral actions, but does not interfere. In a conversation with Michaelis, Wilson says, â€Å"‘I told her she might fool me but she couldn’t fool God. I took her to the winds’ - with an effort he got up and walked to the rear window and leaned with his face pressed against it - ‘and I said ‘God knows what you’ve been doing, everything you’ve been doing. You may fool me, but you can’t fool God!’’ Standing behind him, Michaelis saw with a shock that he was looking at the eyes of Dr. TJ Eckleburg, which had just emerged, pale and enormous, from the dissolving night† (Fitzgerald 167). Wilson believes that the one person who has the right to judge is God and He is watching. The Great Gatsby is very consistent with the life during the 1920’s in the aspect of religion. Before 1920’s the upper/bussiness class made up most ofShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald1302 Words   |  6 Pagestwo texts â€Å"The Great Gatsby† (Scott F. Fitzgerald), and the acclaimed poem â€Å"19† (W. H. Auden), as proven by the use of green light, the role of religion and strong imagery in society and analysis of the lives of those both lavished alongside those who possess only their pity for one’s self. Firstly, Green is represented in The Great Gatsby as a symbol of Gatsby’s unacquainted love for Daisy and its meaning of hope considering it is where she resides at the time. To Gatsby the green lightRead MoreThe American Dream1927 Words   |  8 Pagespeople with the recognizable phrase â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (USHistory.org). The green light at the end of Daisy Buchanan’s dock symbolizes Jay Gatsby’s â€Å"pursuit of Happiness† in the novel, The Great Gatsby, set in the 1920s on Long Island, New York (Fitzgerald, F. Scott). The American Dream is defined as â€Å"the belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possibleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1113 Words   |  5 Pagesonce said, â€Å"religion is the opiate of the masses†. Marx viewed religion as a drug which gives people the comfort and happiness they need. Just like money, he believed that religion is a destructive force which puts people under a spell to maintain control over them. During the Jazz Age, America had an economic growth which swept americans to become part of a â€Å"consumer society†. Throughout this period of time, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote many modernist novels, including The Great Gatsby, in which heRead MoreThe As A Tyrant Who Held A Reign Of Terror1478 Words   |  6 Pageswatching over everyone, seeing the unprincipled and unscrupulous mistakes, flaws, sins, and immorality. It’s easy to try and escape judgment and punishment for one’s sins, but it will all come back to them in due time. Karma is prevalent in numerous religions and candidly means good actions reap rewards, whereas malevolent actions result in future suffering and problems. Historically speaking, there have been many cases where unscrupulous actions have come back to bite. Max imilien de Robespierre becameRead MoreEssay about Great Gatsby1012 Words   |  5 Pages F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is about a man named Gatsby, in love with a woman, Daisy, who is married to Tom Buchannan. He dreams that one day he and Daisy will get together. Gatsby has worked hard to become the man that he believes will impress Daisy. Even though he has an extravagant house, lots of money, and wild parties, he is without the one person he wants, Daisy. Even befriending Nick deals with Gatsby getting Daisy, because Daisy is Nick’s cousin. In a meeting arrangedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesLove: Gatsby Wilson Throughout the novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby’s unrequited love for Daisy is evident, as well as George Wilson’s love for his wife, Myrtle. Unlike Gatsby, Wilson is the least important character in the novel due to his important role in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s unique plot scheme that led to Gatsby’s murder. However, both characters have similarities and differences the reader is incapable of detecting due to Wilson’s brief mentions in chapter two and seven. Gatsby and Wilson’sRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1625 Words   |  7 Pagesare significant to the novel because â€Å" the Lost Generation† is the generation that became adults during the time of war, which includes F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author of the novel. Authors born in this time tended to write themes that represented their experiences in the war. For example, the death of the American Dream was mostly referenced in The Great Gatsby, by the narrator Nic k Carraway. Roaring 20’s: This is a historical term used in the 1920s for the society and culture were there was aRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s Great Gatsby1359 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity is cultivated through several diverse mediums within F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby ‘The word identity is defined as the set of personal and behavioral characteristics which define an individual as a member of a certain group. Based on race, ethnicity, religion, language and culture people distinguish themselves from other groups and form their understanding and pride in who they are’ . For the novels’ central characters, Gatsby and the others , status is autocratic, and an ambition. InRead MoreThe Story Behind The Great Gatsby Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pages The Story Behind The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is a novel that eloquently summarizes what the entire American society represents through Fitzgerald’s view. This novel develops its story in New York, at a time when the jazz age was at its peak. The roaring twenties, the era of glamour, infringed prohibition, conflict, growth and prosperity. The main concern in that age was materialism, sex, booze, and entertainment. The American Dream was the idea that anything

Increasing Public Awareness Of Food Safety Essay - 937 Words

In order to survive, people must eat. Unfortunately, the food that is needed for survival is not always available, safe, or nutritious for individuals, families, consumers and communities. The implementation of public policy is essential to alleviate some of the problems associated with the nation’s food supply. By gaining awareness of public policy issues that impact society and making change happen through the formation of public policy, FCS professionals in the field of nutrition can improve the health and well-being of the nation. When FCS professionals gain an awareness of public policies related to their professional specialization, the overall message or underlying purpose of the profession is better received by the public. In†¦show more content†¦Matthews (2004) explains that public issues must be â€Å"meaningful† to citizens in order for citizens to become engaged, and in order for FCS professionals to know what is meaningful they must find soluti ons that incorporate the concerns of individuals, families, consumers and communities. Part of the ADA’s â€Å"commitment† is â€Å"advancing the profession of dietetics through†¦advocacy† (Smith Patrick, 2008). For ADA to truly advocate for the aforementioned groups, they must find what is meaningful to the public. An example of this would be the confusion that many people face when it comes to the overabundance of nutrition information in the media. The ADA responded to the voice of the consumer when they found that 22% of those who have interest in nutrition information are â€Å"confused by reports† and that consumers mainly gather their nutrition information through the media (Wansink, 2006). ADA responded by implementing the ADA Spokesperson program, through which dietetic professionals can reach as many citizens as possible through the media outlets to advocate evidence-based nutrition information. Some specific public policy concerns that are currently impacting FCS professionals in dietetics and their clientele include the current health care reform legislation. Dietetic professionals have lobbied for the incorporation of preventative nutrition services into the legislation, as many of the current health care costs are linked to chronicShow MoreRelatedUrban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems1146 Words   |  5 Pagesand food shortages and a rise in the price of general living. According to Yujun, Z. (2011), in developing countries, the fastest population growth rate will be 7-8% annually; a burden in most developing countries is that there is no population control, for example, in Beijing, China. By the end of 2013, according to census data in China, the population of Beijing will be over 20 million. Huge population problems for the city’s infrastructure have brought tremendous pressure, housing and food shortagesRead MoreAn Inside Look at Gluten-Free Food Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesGluten-Free Food There is an estimate of 3 million people in the United States that have celiac disease (CD). Individuals with CD, any foods that contain gluten trigger the production of antibodies that attack and damage the lining of the small intestine; thus, limiting nutrient absorption (U.S. FDA, 2013). On August 2, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final rule that defines â€Å"gluten-free† for food labeling. â€Å"The FDA’s new ‘gluten-free’ definition will help people withRead MoreGmo Case Study990 Words   |  4 PagesGMOs (genetically modified organisms), such as plants, food, drugs, biological products, pesticides, microorganisms are regulated by a variety of US agencies, which include the US Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency. These agencies operate based on regulations set by the Plant Protection Act, the Federal Food, D rug, the Cosmetic Act, Public Health Service Act, the Federal Insecticide, FungicideRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms1649 Words   |  7 Pagesaltered, using genetic engineering, so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found there (Anon., n.d.). At the moment seeds have been genetically modified to produce genetically modified crops such as GM soya and maize. There are a lot of foods that are genetically modified in this day and age. Most people do not even know that they are consuming it, especially in South Africa which is the largest producer of GM crops in Africa. It does not seem that the citizens of South Africa and mostRead MoreShould Humanity Be Meddling With God?855 Words   |  4 Pagesranging from bacterium to primates, as well as cloned different species as complex as sheep. These breakthroughs have demonstrated the power of this knowledge and the wondrous possibilities that this knowledge can unlock. With these new discoveries in public light, a debate has started that continues to this day. In this debate, some fear that humanity should not be meddling with DNA, and the doing so could have grave consequences. This debate has also raised moral questions over tampering with humanRead MoreFood Safety And Genetically Engineered Foods929 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"Food Safety and genetically Engineered Foods.† It made me think more critically about food safety in the united states and GMOs and expanded on the politics behind many of our policies. The majority of the article focuses on the infrastructure behind our food safety and food regulations. Food is safer today than ever before due to better sanitation, increased awareness about contamination in both the public and private sector, and government regulations. At the federal level, the Food and DrugRead MoreThe Brazilian National Standards Organization975 Words   |  4 Pagesavailable to food service units (FSU s) and the general public. Before going into its implication, let’s start by defining what food safety is. Then, we will look at the legislations put in place by the government to regulate food distribution in order to protect the population. The Brazilian National Standards Organization created ISO 22000:2006, where food safety is described as â€Å"the indication that the food will not cause harm to the consumer if it is prepared and/or consumed as intended† (Food SafetyRead MoreWangs Fortune Tea1616 Words   |  7 Pagescustomers, WFT makes its brand known by customers, increasing brand awareness. Moreover it is also sold in convenience stores and other retail stores. Customers obtain convenience by the convention channel. Furthermore, WFT seeks out the restaurant channel to enlarge its market shares. With the slogan â€Å"Afraid of the internal fire, drink Wang’s Fortune tea† WFT is sold in restaurants that serve hotpot, Sichuan and Hunan cuisines, a nd any other foods, which may create internal fire. More specificallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Public Knowledge And Views On Fast Food Corporations1438 Words   |  6 Pagesoffered the context for the evaluation of the reality of the fast food chains strategies and ignorance. I used a survey in order to further my understanding about public knowledge and views on fast food corporations. Most of the research were secondary sources; for the authors used others research to further support their claims. On the other hand, one of the research was a primary source which was written by a worker in a fast food outlets which offered personal experiences. Both types of reportsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1692 Words   |  7 Pagesshould have access to clearly-labeled non-GMO food and products† (â€Å"The ‘Non-GMO Project Verified’ Seal†). Although this is a good place to start, the food industry has been using GMOs for a long time now with most of the public still unaware of their dominating presence on supermarket shelves. Labeling the products could be a compromise that satisfies both the consumer and the industry by eliminating liability from companies and increasing awareness for the consumer. Companies should have to disclose

Us History Exam notes Free Essays

An area in social life, Independent of government where Informed citizens can come together and discuss and Influence political action, a domain that used to be solely for political figures and upper society. What were the major components of the public sphere In colonial North America? The public sphere expanded with the raising of literacy rates and the view that participating in politics and reading was fashionable. Some of the influences were numerous coffee shops and pubs, lots of bookshops, Boston Newsletter, first continuously published newspaper. We will write a custom essay sample on Us History Exam notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Which early American stands out for his contributions? Benjamin Franklin What were his three major contributions to the growth of the public sphere? Editing the Pennsylvania Gazette which was considered the best edited, founding the Junta, a forum for mutual Improvement and for discussion about politics, and the Library Company of Philadelphia which was the flirt establishment of circulating literature. What component of freedom was essential to the establishment and growth of the public sphere? Freedom of expression. Which famous libel trial demonstrated that this freedom was becoming ingrained in he popular imagination? 735 Publisher Zinger brought up on charge of libel against the governor, calling him corrupt, and after he showed evidence that the governor was corrupt he was found not guilty. This showed the public that the truth will always win. Columbian exchange- transatlantic flow of goods W E – tomatoes, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, corn E W – sugarcane, rice. Horses, pigs, sheep Black Legend- Based on Lass Cases’ book shows image of Spain as uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer, gives other countries Justification to colonize, challenge Spain’s old French and Dutch are what kind of empires? Commercial, looking for trading, gold and the Northwest passage England Is what kind of empire? Colonizing, Individual men looking for land, and through the possession of land, freedom and bring them back to the home country to make it wealthier, not focusing on colonization or trade Northwest Passage- Route to Asia through N America English colonization begins with Jamestown in 1607 by Virginia Company 5 Attributes to English Freedom: 1. King subject to rule of law (Magna Cart) 2. Security of persons and property 3. Habeas corpus- cannot be held indefinitely w/out charge 4. Right to face your accuser 5. Right to trial by Jury Mercantilism: There is always a winner and a loser in trade, best to be the person with money, exports should always exceed imports Virginia- tobacco in Chesapeake region, swampy Pennsylvania- Religious freedom for Quakers, no slavery Georgia- meant to be a refuge for the English poor, became large slave owning plantation state, rice and indigo Carolinas: Indigo and Rice Rhode Island and New Jersey- religious freedom Massachusetts- formed with original Plymouth colony. How to cite Us History Exam notes, Papers

Diversity Management of International Inclusive Workplace Sample

Question: Discuss about the Managing Diversity for International Inclusive Workplace. Answer: Introduction According to World Health Organization, policies are defined as the plans, decisions and actions that are undertaken for the accomplishment of specific goals in a society. A policy contains many things such as targets, points of reference, priorities, and expected roles of stakeholders and in informing people. It consists of basic principles that guide the government in decision making process. There are many government health policies related to health literacy, equity and diversity at the workplace, disability, disadvantage, vulnerability and stigma that help to address the difficulties faced by the disadvantaged and stigmatized populations groups in accessing quality health care. The health literacy policies are formulated by the government to promote the benefits of health education among individuals and their access to health care. The disability policy is framed to look into the issues of the disabled people and problems faced by their families due to stigmatization. It also pr ovides a framework for improving the lives of the disabled people, their families and caregivers. There is also policy regarding the equity and diversity in the workplace. It addresses the different attributes of a workplace, ways to promote a diverse workplace, the difficulties faced by the migrant nurses and valuing of cultural responsibility that makes a diverse workplace. The following essay would discuss the government policies related to health literacy, equity and diversity in the workplace and disability policy. Health Literacy Policy The term health literacy is aimed at providing access and use of health information to the people in maintaining a healthy lifestyle (Baum, Newman Biedrzycki, 2014). Most importantly, it is aimed at describing the population groups who are at risk for low health literacy, promote health, improve health education among those groups and make them aware of their lifestyle choices (Johnson, 2014). According to the Australias Health 2012 statistics, the health literacy accounts for 41% among the 15-74 aged group of people that is considered as adequate or above the level (aihw.gov.au, 2017). Moreover, the statistics showed that people who are living outside the major cities and disadvantaged areas have low level of health literacy with poor self-assessed health status (Banham et al., 2014). The health literacy is an emerging issue in Australia and more than 60% of the Australians have a low level of health literacy. The main reason for developing the policy is to address the difficulties faced by the disadvantaged and stigmatized population in assessing the health education. The policy is aimed at informing the individuals, disadvantaged groups and health care system about the different aspects of health and in reducing the health risk factors and in preventing illnesses (Greenhalgh, 2015). The stakeholders involved in the health literacy policy were consumers, community, health and education policy organizations, health care providers and health care managers. The goals of the health literacy policy were to embed health literacy among the health care systems and integration of health literacy into education. The purpose of health literacy policy is to provide accessible information and use to the disadvantaged population about health education and better health outcomes. The expected outcomes of the policy were to reduce the low level of health literacy among the consumers, address the consumer health needs and provide equity in health literacy among the disadvant aged groups (Boot, 2016). Gibbs Reflection cycle - 1 While placed with a social care team in a village, one noticed that the people are not aware of the basic health education. They are not aware of the prevention measures and different aspects of health. That moment was very sad and depressing knowing about the condition of the people there. One would perform better and make the most of the opportunity to educate the disadvantaged people about health. The incident was upsetting to witness the low level of health literacy in the area. The good experience related to the campaign was that it provided an opportunity to provide valuable health education to the disadvantaged people in that area who were at low level of health literacy. This opportunity could also make one feel bad that many people are unaware of the basic health education and are at low literacy skills. The social determinants of health like socio-economic status are a major hindrance to their health literacy. The experience analyzed that the health literacy policy developed by the Australian government is beneficial for the people with low health literacy. It encompasses the disadvantaged and stigmatized population educating them about health education, protecting them from low health literacy risk and spreading awareness about health education. This policy would bring about a great change that would reduce the burden of disease and cut down treatment costs in healthcare system. In this situation, one should provide ample of information to the people including children regarding the aspects of health, health education and helping them to make healthy lifestyle choices through the health literacy policy. If anyone encounters such a situation next time, one should try to provide information to the people as much as one can and spread awareness that will protect people from health risks. It would make them aware of preventive measures in giving transparent information and help in health promotion (Huseb, O'Regan Nestel, 2015). National Disability Policy The National Disability Strategy is a ten-year policy from 2010-2020 that is developed with an aim to outline the key areas of disability. It also addresses the future reforms for providing specialist service systems for disabled people, their families and caregivers in Australia (dss.gov.au, 2017). The policy would inform the disabled people, their families and caregivers about the different disability service systems that would help to improve the outcomes for the disabled people. The Commonwealth, territory, state and national government working in collaboration with the Council of Australian Government (COAG) are the stakeholders who developed the policy framework (dss.gov.au, 2017). The aim of this policy is to address the problems and challenges faced by the disabled Australian people in the present and in the future. The purpose of this strategy is to improve the access of services for the disabled people by introducing special services and programs including National Disabili ty Insurance Scheme. The expected outcome of this policy development was to improve the lives of the disabled people by providing them various services. The accessible and inclusive communities, rights to protection and justice, economic security, community and personal support, learning skills and services for their wellbeing are the priority areas of this policy (Dew et al., 2014). The access to physical environment needs like parks, transport, housing, communication technologies and digital information, recreational, sporting and cultural life for the disabled people. The measures for anti-discrimination, advocacy, complaint mechanism and justice systems for the people with disability, job opportunities, financial independence and adequate financial support for the disabled people who cannot work are included in the policy. The early education and care, higher education, employment and learning opportunities are addressed in this policy. Moreover, the policy consists of health se rvices, disability and health systems, health promotion that would provide their wellbeing and they can enjoy their life as normal. This strategy is mainly focused on bringing about change in the mainstream and community programs and services for the disabled Australian people and their families and caregivers (Whitburn, Moss OMara, 2017). This policy would help the disadvantaged Australian people with disability that has no access to the programs and services developed for them and their families. This policy would also help the people with disability to gain access to the services that would assist them to lead normal life as equal citizens (Dowse et al., 2016). Gibbs Reflection cycle - 2 While assisting the disability support team in a suburban place in Australia, one encountered that a disabled child had no access to educational services and deprived of other basic facilities. The child was not able to walk properly and as the school was far, he had no access to proper transport to go to the school. The childs family had no access to the mainstream facilities and is not aware of the services developed for the disabled people. This incident was depressing and sad after encountering the conditions of the disabled people, their families and caregivers. One would be upset after witnessing the disabled childs condition and felt pity for the other disabled people who had less to the healthcare services developed for them. The incident provided an opportunity to help the disabled people in making them aware of the services and facilities and in providing ample support to them. However, on learning about the condition of the disabled child and the familys condition, one would feel bad and try to help them as much as possible so that the child was able to go to school and lead a normal life. This incident made one analyze that there is an urgency to improve the conditions of the disabled people and their access to the main stream facilities. They also need to be made aware of the National Disability Strategy policy that is aimed at providing services that would improve the lives of the disabled people and their access to various facilities. After analyzing the incident, one concluded that the disabled people are not able to lead their life as potential and equal citizens. They are deprived of the various healthcare services and programs developed for them. Moreover, they require ample community support so that they do not feel isolated or deprived. It helped the family of the disabled child by making them aware of the policy and provided them access to the facilities that would help them. If one again encounters such a situation in the future, one will provide ample of support to the disabled people and make their families and caregivers aware of the various services, programs and the National Disability Strategy policy that is aimed at improving the lives of the disabled people and their caregivers. This policy would make them able citizens and help them in leading a normal life (Hayes, 2014). Workplace Diversity Policy Being a multicultural nation, Australian diversity is reflected at the workplace. There are people coming from different cultural backgrounds and addressing their preferences would contribute a diverse workplace. There should also be equal opportunities for all the people coming across the globe so that they can share the common culture of professionalism. The Workplace Diversity Policy 2014-2018 was developed with an aim to provide a working environment that is free from discrimination and promote equity (aic.gov.au, 2017). The employees have equal access to the employment opportunities and promotion is merit based. The policy would inform the organizations and employees about diversity based information in the Australian community and adopt methods that would promote a diverse workplace. The policy was developed by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) in collaboration with HR, Executive and Manager in valuing and encouraging a diverse workplace in Australian community (Col lins et al., 2014). The policy is aimed at creating a supportive environment that includes all the employees from different cultural backgrounds and also address the needs of the Australian community (Ng Metz, 2015). The objectives of the policy are to encourage workplace diversity and equal job opportunities for all employees. It also aims to retain a diverse workplace that is aimed to value equity and diversity, prevent discrimination and promote a diverse environment. The purpose of the policy is to foster a diverse workplace in the Australian community, improvement of communication among the employees, prevention of discrimination and promotion of equity at the workplace in Australian community (Pinheiro, Charles Jones, 2016). The goals are to raise awareness and commitment to diverse workplace, retention of diverse workplace and provide supportive environment for meeting the needs of the diverse workplace (Barak, 2016). Gibbs Reflection cycle - 3 During the initial days of the job, he was preparing for the presentation to be delivered during the first session. The incident occurred when he was due to deliver his presentation in front of his team. His team leader started with the presentation and it was his task to continue with the presentation. However, when he was about to deliver his presentation, he got nervous, visibly shaky and struggled to speak. Despite knowing that he was new to job, the team members were unsympathetic and the team members smirked on hearing his accent. He felt miserably bad at that time and wanted to leave the job. He was embarrassed as he was unable to speak in front of his team and extremely angry towards the behavior of his team members. The incident made him depressed and he decided to talk to his team leader and manager about the incident. He realized that every person feels nervous before their first presentation and become tongue tied at the first instant. The situation made him feel bad on thinking about his team members. The reactions of the team members made his situation worse by not supporting him during the presentation. Instead of keeping quiet, he should have spoken to his team leader about the incident. He spoke to his team leader about the incident the following day. In retrospect, he should have informed his team leader about the incident immediately after the meeting. The incident made him realize that there is requirement of a diverse workplace and to promote respect for everyone. The stringent implementation of the Workplace Diversity policy is required in the organization. He felt that he should have informed his team leader in the preceding days explaining his nervousness. Then, he would have helped him to overcome his nervousness and perhaps the incident would have been avoided. In the future, one should talk to his or her seniors regarding ones nervousness and plan to work on ones presentation skills. This experience made him realize that one need to boost confidence during presentation and build up a trusting relationship with his team members (Kumar, 2016). References aic.gov.au,. (2017). Workplace Diversity Policy and Action Plan 2015-2018. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/aic/institute/workplace-diversity-policy-action-plan-2015-2018.pdf aihw.gov.au,. (2017). Australia's health 2012 (AIHW). Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737422172tab=2 Banham, D., Hawthorne, G., Goldney, R., Ratcliffe, J. (2014). Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) changes in South Australia: comparison of burden of disease morbidity and survey-based health utility estimates.Health and quality of life outcomes,12(1), 113. Barak, M. E. M. (2016).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Baum, F., Newman, L., Biedrzycki, K. (2014). Vicious cycles: digital technologies and determinants of health in Australia.Health promotion international,29(2), 349-360. Boot, G. R. (2016).Representation of Indigenous health knowledges within health literacy related policy and practice documents across Australia, Canada and New Zealand(Doctoral dissertation, School of Health, Charles Darwin University). Collins, J. H., Jakubowicz, A., Reid, C., Chafic, W. (2014). Minority Youth and Social Transformation in Australia: Identities, Belonging and Cultural Capital.Journal of Social Inclusion. Dew, A., Gallego, G., Bulkeley, K., Veitch, C., Brentnall, J., Lincoln, M., ... Griffiths, S. (2014). Policy development and implementation for disability services in rural New South Wales, Australia.Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities,11(3), 200-209. Dowse, L., Wiese, M., Dew, A., Smith, L., Collings, S., Didi, A. (2016). More, better, or different? NDIS workforce planning for people with intellectual disability and complex support needs.Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability,41(1), 81-84. dss.gov.au,. (2017). National Disability Strategy | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. Dss.gov.au. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/program-services/government-international/national-disability-strategy dss.gov.au,. (2017). Progress Report to the Council of Australian Governments 2014 | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. Dss.gov.au. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.dss.gov.au/disability-and-carers/programmes-services/government-international/progress-report-to-the-council-of-australian-governments-2014 Greenhalgh, T. (2015). Health literacy: towards system level solutions.BMJ,350, h1026. Hayes, C. (2014). 1 The nature of reflective practice.Developing as a Reflective Early Years Professional: A Thematic Approach, 1. Huseb, S. E., O'Regan, S., Nestel, D. (2015). Reflective practice and its role in simulation.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,11(8), 368-375. Johnson, A. (2014). Health literacy, does it make a difference?.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,31(3), 39. Kumar, K. (2016). Reflection and its uses in Problem Solving and Personal Development. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Pinheiro, R., Charles, D., Jones, G. A. (2016). Equity, institutional diversity and regional development: a cross-country comparison.Higher Education,72(3), 307-322. Whitburn, B., Moss, J., OMara, J. (2017). The policy problem: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and implications for access to education.

The Importance of Music Educat essays

The Importance of Music Educat essays A few weekends ago I was talking to a relative of mine who happens to teach music at the local elementary school in my hometown. We were discussing her students and how the year was going for her so far. She had nothing but positive things to say about the children, however I could tell that something was wrong. She explained to me that a lot of music teachers in her department were losing their jobs due to cut backs in the school budget. According to the board of education music is not important enough to put forth the money to support it. They feel that reading, writing and arithmetic are the things that children need to focus on the most. They seem to be looking past the fact that we are not trying to raise a society of robots who eat, sleep, and think alike. We are trying to raise individuals with unique thoughts and creative minds as well as being intelligent people. They are looking past the fact that music nurtures the mind and soul and music education could be a simple soluti on to the problems in society today. I am a secondary ed. English major and most would think that Id be on the side of the budget-cutters, stating that music should go; but in all reality, and Im sure I can speak for others in that I dont know what Id be without the influence of music in my life. The benefits of learning about music at a young age are incredible. It helps children become well rounded; it supplies discipline; it helps children interact with others; it helps keep a grasp on to our culture; it gives children a way to express themselves and vent. There are so many positive aspects involved in music education that it is unbelievable that it is even an option on the ballot of what gets cut from the budget. This paper will discuss the benefits of music education. While studying the education of the ancient Greeks I learned that their society was based on the foundation that an intelligent individual not only ...

French Adverbs ~ Les Adverbes

French Adverbs ~ Les Adverbes An adverb, one of the eight parts of speech, is an invariable word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs provide information about the words they modify, such as when, where, how, how often, or to what degree something is done. See the list of some common French adverbs at the end of this lesson. Word Order with Adverbs In English, adverb placement can be arbitrary: some adverbs may be found in front of or after the verb, or even at the beginning or end of the sentence. This is not often the case in French, which has much stricter rules about placement. The following rules apply to the majority of situations, but there are exceptions. For detailed information, see my lesson on the placement of French adverbs.1. When a French adverb modifies a verb, it is placed after the conjugated verb. Nous avons bien mang. We ate well. Je regarde souvent la tl le soir. I often watch TV in the evening. Often, I watch TV in the evening. I watch TV in the evening often.   Ã‚  2. When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it is placed in front of the word it is modifying. Je suis profondment mu. I am deeply moved. Nous avons trs bien mang. We ate very well. Common French Adverbs Nearly every French word that ends in -ment is an adverb, and its English equivalent almost always ends in -ly: gà ©nà ©ralement - generally. For more information, please see adverbs of manner. Here are some of the most common French adverbs: French English Type of adverb actuellement currently adverb of time assez quite, fairly adverb of quantity aujourdhui today adverb of time aussi as comparative adverb beaucoup a lot adverb of quantity bien well adverb of manner bientt soon adverb of time dj already adverb of time demain tomorrow adverb of time enfin finally adverb of time ensuite next, then adverb of time heureusement fortunately adverb of manner hier yesterday adverb of time ici here adverb of place l there adverb of place l-bas over there adverb of place longtemps for a long time adverb of time maintenant now adverb of time mal poorly adverb of manner moins less comparative adverb parfois sometimes adverb of frequency partout everywhere adverb of place peu few, little adverb of quantity plus more, ___-er comparative adverb quelque part somewhere adverb of place rarement rarely adverb of frequency souvent often adverb of frequency tard late adverb of time tt early adverb of time toujours always adverb of frequency trs very adverb of quantity trop too much adverb of quantity vite quickly adverb of manner

Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Plan - Term Paper Example Furthermore, the company’s integrated sales team is highly experienced and ensures providing world class services to the clients and customers. In the world of globalization the company is looking forward towards expanding its base to reach out to all the communities around the US and the world. The market analysis provides a clear picture about the emerging industry throughout the world. Mobile phones have become an important medium of communication with variety of features incorporated within. The industry is one of the largest profitable segments amongst all other necessity products. Orange Mobile Communication’s prime objective is to provide customers, especially the younger generation with technologies that have not been introduced by any other competitor. Its focus towards customers will ensure better understanding of the buying pattern. This will enable the company in minimizing stocks and manufacture those products that are highly in demand. Moreover, the external supply chain will ensure effective deliverables within the prescribed period. Telecom Industry is booming in recent times. The product has changed its category from luxury to necessity goods due to the convenience it provides to the users. The effect of internationalization has therefore, ensured many big players to launch unique features in order to increase the sales of the mobile phones. The employees are committed towards achieving the goals of the organizations and value its principles for competitive market growth and sustainability. The company, Orange Mobile Communications is committed towards providing high quality products with unique features at affordable prices. Furthermore, it is dedicated in providing high level services to its customers and clients by ensuring convenient locations of retail stores and efficient and effective solutions. Orange Mobile Communications is determined in becoming the

LAND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

LAND LAW - Essay Example He was not regular in visiting his property since he purchased it in year 1952, when he had asked his seller to plant Christmas trees on the land with the idea of harvesting it in later years. However, he could not tend to his land since he was posted at Bonn between the years 1955 to 1967. Subsequent to his return, between the years 1967-1972, the McFarlane’s could make few visits to the property site, but it was clear that his interest in his property was waning. The McFarlanes did not suspect that their land was under the possession of Powell until, in 1972, they noticed the new fencing on their land, which gave rise to suspicion in their minds that perhaps all was not well regarding their claims to the stated property. Powell brought action stating that he was in adverse possession of the said disputed land since 12 years from the period 1960 to1972.In order to substantiate this statement, he had to prove that he had actual possession and control over the said land for the last 12 years. The facts, as observed by Slade J, were that for a person to be in possession, whether legal or illegal, he should be able to bring action for trespass, against any trespasser or squatter, who comes into the said land, without his permission. This is except in the case of a person who has a better title to the land then what he himself has.. In other words, he had to maintain animus possidendi.This means that, when the law has to attribute possession of a land to person who does not have paper title on the said land, he must be in a position to prove that he has both the factual possession as well as the requisite intention to possess the said land. (Farlane 1977). The main issue in the event of alleged possession is that the squatter is dealing with the land as though it is his own, and in a manner that would be used by the true owner, and nobody else. The essence of animus posited is that the squatter, in his own

Concept of Drawing as a Medium

Concept of Drawing as a Medium This essay will address the subject of drawing. The main starting point will be the ideas of John Berger on Drawing. These ideas can be summed up into three main concepts: Drawing as observation, drawing as memory and drawing as expressing ideas. Although drawing from observation was of fundamental importance in the past today we see more and more an engagement of drawing with memory and as expression of ideas. This doesnt mean that people dont deal with observational drawing, it means that its practice as it was in the past has become obsolete in the sense of drawing is a starting point as study for a final painting. The introduction of photography and the end of old art academies accelerated this change. This essay will deal mainly with drawing as memory and drawing as ideas. It will first look at artists who use drawing in a more conventional way for ideas and memory. Then it will move on to consider artists who challenge the medium itself (pencil, paper and so on) to push the ide a of drawing to express drawing as memory and drawing as observation. The essay will discuss the distinctions between painting, sculpture and performance as a way of discovering the possibilities of drawing and also to discuss the new expectations of drawing as a medium. The art practice of drawing in the late twentieth century has achieved the status of art in its own right. The approach to drawing is also changing in ways that reflect trends within the art world at large. Many artworks in association with drawing challenge traditional boundaries among media. Secondly, there is self-consciousness about the nature of art and what is involved in the creation of art. I see drawing now at a primarily end of its tradition it can be argued that it no longer stands as drawing to represent. It seems that we are on the verge of anther paradigm shift in drawing, now reflecting an altered view of its nature as a skilled activity, what we now perceive as drawing has been obliterated. By this I mean change for instance, Rauschenbergs Erased De Kooning, an example of change by removal of the drawing. Rauschenberg proved to be going backwards in drawing traditions. The drawing was there and now it is not. This was a kind of rebellion going against traditions, alth ough the drawing may have gone backwards drawing was to go forwards i.e., modernism. The process of change will be discussed. Drawing is discovery John Berger, Berger on drawing, had enabled me to begin research and analyse in depth both the physical and the metaphysical act of drawing. What we draw is not only the subject observed but also what we already know about it. In fact the past experience of the subject affects the way we draw it. Berger further raises the point that will be discussed in this essay; the differences between the actions of drawing and painting. According to Berger the audience can identify with the subject illustrated when confronted with a painting. I will attempt to establish a dialogue on the possibilities of drawing with reference to artistic process. Firstly I will analyse the work of Jackson Pollock as a link to contemporary practice. I have also found it important to research literary theory on the grounds of the process of mark making and the social connotations it has created. The reading of Berger on drawing helped me to begin thinking about some key terms such as drawing as memory, drawing as a way to express or show forth ideas and drawing as observation. It was useful to reflect on the idea of truth in drawing. How truthful can we be when we draw? Do we draw what we see or what we know? Can we overcome our set knowledge of things? I will try to find out more about these issues studying the work of other artists. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, CY Twombly, Susan Collis, Louise Bourgeois and Yves Klein whom will be discussed in this essay distinguish their mark making to be somewhat unknown and less predictable. Their works all would free all external impurities. This essay will examine a process of where drawing stands to date in relation to the past. It seems that drawing is everything it is not just the stimulators of the pencil it is in fact the motif and creation of exploring possibilities within the concept. I want to question that without these familiarities then what is known, as drawing could never have happened. Drawing is a continuous action, commonly known as the before of something. Now drawing is the beginning and the end of concepts. Drawing, when perceived as truth or good is the act of line. This is the common factor that persuades all subject matter to fall in the same category as writing, in the relation to text and image. Conversely, bad drawing is lining by the means of lines, a fact lamentably patent in things as widely divergent. This point permits me to repeat that drawing specifically means to visualize ideas by means of lines. Drawing is discovery; drawing is a way of seeing what is hiding under the surface. If the artist observes what is in front of him then dissects in his minds eye this demonstrates that the artist relies on memory and past observations to draw the subject before him rather than simply examining what lies before him. What we draw is not only the subject observed but must also be what we already know about it. It is the difference between the actions of drawing and painting that need to be explored further, for instance in abstract expressionism the line between subject and artist is subtle in distinction whereas Yves Klein paints with a figure, which will expose the difference in this relation. Drawing into painting chapter One (a discussion with chosen material)and chance There are distinctions between drawing and painting. It seems this became irretrievably blurred when Jackson Pollock started to paint with line in the late 1940S. Bernice rose has stated in the writings of his work that, perhaps, then it would be more precise to say that there is no real dividing line between painting and drawing in his work. Perhaps there is no divide between painting and drawing? The same is being made, the mark or as discussed the line is only been made larger and the feeling is now more intense. Pollock erased the distinctions then pertaining between drawings as a discipline. Referring to Cy Twombly cycles and seasons, reading paragraph, coincidence where Shiff talks about the pencil line as something that is happening, this means that the line is not there to describe or configure things with a narrative aim, i.e. The line is not meant to represent objects belonging to the world. The line is not linked to the act of seeing with Pollock. The line is linked to the act of investigation and drawing as idea and memory. As Pollock would push the boundaries between drawing and painting thus drawing becomes painting and vice versa. Therefore drawing loses its dependence on painting. Twombly would repeat what Pollock had started. Their work both suggests internal feelings and relate in a much deeper way to merely observation. From memory they would represent their emotions going against the conventions of traditional drawing. The line represents and describes feelings and emotions, which seems a constant flux of things that can happen at the same time. Using Twombly as a reference once again, what appears really interesting to me is the constant change in both of their works: lines are constantly erased, changed, redrawn and re-erased. Furthermore it seems to me that the past and the present are a constant dialogue. As Pollock immediately pours the paint medium onto the canvas the expression is different. The raw emotional expression allowed the drawing to become much more complex and indeed most energetic. Now, the conventional sense in his paintings is that they generally neutralize the distinction between figure and ground, a factor closely allied with the theory of the all-over. Because the image evinces no definite form but only a compact, restless texture that appears to continually advance and recede and allows the eye no point of rest, is banal.It remained, however, for Pollock to move from this to a full recognition of pictorial identity of drawing and painting. Furthermore, in his work the effort to bring painted effects into balance with those obtainable in drawings vanishes as both materials of ink and oiled pigment would operate from the same overall conception. The conception that would see the blank paper and the indrawn canvas as comparable visual fields. The aura of drawing surrounding the act of painting almost denies any difference. Looking at Pollocks earlier works contains numerous indicators of the great significance that Picassos work held for Pollock. Looking again at drawing as memory or past knowledge Picasso arouses the interest with themes of sex, beauty and young woman but also reference to the old masters in his work. In the words of Jeffery Hoffeld Picasso displays a panorama of works from the history of his own art. The Title links in with Pollocks idea of drawing as an element of memory but also through drawing as past experiences or past knowledge of a specific subject. Significance in style and development evokes the condition of drawing. The intensity of Pollocks Paintings had clearly evolved through his act of drawing, drawing from an idea in his head, creates this impulsive drawing performancei.e the body moves with every drip and every mark to be made, as though the artist would walk with the drawing he would be come part of the work. This drawing is enriched with energy and feeling that could be connected into painting almost immediately. The line scratches through the figures, the impulsive brush over of marks, and gradually discovers beneath the network of strokes a circular shadow that seems to hover in the pictorial space and yet create depth. The beholder has a sense of a hallucination. Walter Benjamin has suggested that when a drawing entirely uses or covers its supporting ground it can no longer be called a drawing. This can be added to define the characteristics of the overworked nature in his work. This definition to me seems unfair to say it is that act of drawing that relates to figure and ground what becomes of the image is unknown. If we extend the list of artists that have used a similar approach to painting and drawing that like wise experimental dripping, such as Susan Collis an artist who also experiments with accidental drips, attaches to the technique as such. Collis work would seem like careless splashes and stains upon the surface, however with careful inspection these marks would heighten the idea to mislead the viewer as these are counterfeit marks playing with our reactions and our understanding with mark making. For instance, Susan Collis, No. 2(In series), 2004, red glitter and self adhesive Vinyl are an example of the process of replacing the original mark with her own. To live is to leave traces This misleading conception that their may have never been an object or a sheet of paper there, is an argument to raise the point that drawing has been extended it has worked its way of the surface and onto a new. Furthermore, Collis works with marks left by things, the incidental and transient and lending their permanence. No matter what point we might eventually select the fundamental function of Collis work allows us to rethink past experiences in Art history and the change within art concepts. Subject is defined with false conceptions playing on the idea of what is and was may not be reality. Referring back to what Berger has said; drawing from memory , this can relate with the work of Susan Collis as the traces are of objects that where once there she has celebrated the idea of memory, drawing from her memory as a way to discover the past in relation to the present. If confronted by something that has no form, no language, or no place, a familiar analogue steps in; we use one thi ng to describe another.When the artist has no words to describe something drawing can define these lost words both the real and the unreal in visual terms. Gestures of freedom For instance, CY Twombly pushes the limits of drawing and painting with words; it is very hard to classify his work either as painting or drawing. Illustrious and Unknown is what Degas aspired to be, and what Cy Twombly has become. The boundary between drawing and painting becomes blurred into his practice as an artist. Playing on the tension between drawing and painting, Twombly was able to question and redefine what drawing is or what it can be. For instance this challenge to drawing can be seen in his experiments to drawing in the dark. In this way he denies the old principle of drawing that is drawing from observation since the act of looking is invalidated in darkness. This can question; how can the values of drawings be recognized as having reflected changes in the material conditions and technology of drawing?The condition of materials being as much unknown in the dark as his mark analysiss an exciting process with discovering his material. With these examples there is a chang e within how art can be made; Art can be made of anything firmly established, as they would work with a range of materials simultaneously. The dictionary definition of drawing suggests that it is inextricably linked with line. Its clear that drawing and painting both exist simarily in the same worlds, what I distinguish between both of them is the order of similar motifs. These artists discussed so far all relate to drawing as memory and drawing as ideas. After the breakdown of modernism, artist became less concerned with any specific properties with their chosen medium, instead selecting the medium for its compatibility with their particular thesis or proposition. There is and order to maximise the formal potential of their chosen material. We only have to study the work of Marlene Dumas to gain an understanding of the relationship drawing has to painting. Drawing is a vital part of Marlene Dumas oeuvre; by drawing with the line tools of painting her works on paper and the oil paintings echo each other. This is an opportunity to once again blow up the image as said. In this case drawing is a way of getting to understand the image, I use second hand images and first hand emotions. Her paintings differ from her contemporaries who during the 1980s revisited the figure in neo-expressionist work that favoured intoxicating colour. Dumas uses paint as a subversive, anti- conventional means of expression and the figure as a vehicle for achieving these ends. The image is created with the feeling of expressing ideas. She is an artist who works with memory and ideas to work out a dialogue with mark making and story telling. Her paintings become drawings and her drawings become paintings. These paintings make similar marks to a single line in the association with drawing. It is not drawing of an outline as the single brushstrokes acts as a drawing and a painting at the same time. Her materials that she uses obscure new possibilities and meaning the paint, the lines, the ink the drawingThus demonstrating that the line is of importance in both relationships of painting and drawing. The pre-knowledge of her feelings, memories, ideas and associations with the image revert back to the impulsive line. Her direct approach shows the power of the image, which is informed by the immediate gesture of the drawing. The tension that has seemingly been created in the image, we can recognise what is depicted and yet we are not entirely sure about its meaning. As the viewer we are compelled by the poetic nature in movements throughout the image. Other important key terms for the possibilities of drawing are: chance and the relationship child -like/childish drawing. There is an element of chance and randomness in Dumas work, also referring back to Twomblys drawings he too works with the same ideas of chance. As for the relationship child like/childish, Twomblys drawings fall into the first category. In fact as much as one tries to regain the innocent eye of the child one will never succeed because he/she is not a child anymore. In a sense this reminder me of Picassos mission in art as well, i.e. to regain playfulness in the act of drawing. In fact a child is able to create without the concern and the clichà ©s the adult artist is concerned with. It is the coloured pencil drawings of Cy Twombly that the line wonders off back and forth in the distance charming the viewer as the marks turn discreet. We can also see this parallel shift from drawing possibilities with materials into painting in the works of Louise Hopkins. Hopkins work hovers on the boundary between drawing and painting. She is and artist whom describes she will paint rather than being a specified painter. Hopkins delicate approach rejects the traditions to picture making. The result is certainly a drawing in purely technical terms, but at the same time it may represent the drastic function of line, her process of change and use of line is meticulously, one stroke at a time. She never starts with a blank canvas. That fear of being confronted with a problem before the image becomes part of the context. For example, in Untitled (the of the) 2002 Hopkins has taken a broadsheet newspaper and drawn over every single key word and image, leaving behind only the connecting words.The words then become isolated and immediately transformed into a new context. This wonderful image has the feeling of a night sky with nothing b ut stars connect with. However maintains its aim with undeniable pattern, rhythm and form. Hopkins ground has been inked out; leaving behind its signifiers, the notes, which are there, but the song has been interrupted with this blocking out technique, which seems a repetitive process. White black black white explains in its title the process of repetition; Hopkins repeats her actions on the surface developing its contrasts and rhythm. This process has created a different kind of rhythm, played out but the white circles and lines framing the musical notation. This seemingly repetitive action is merely Hopkins aesthetic decision to highlight specific points within the page and thereby compose her personal and original tune. This method appears once said painting and drawing in reverse. The existing material and images are systematically covered up. What is interesting in this work is the idea of a memory the surface is a memory, and is yet to be vanished. The more ink that is added the less information she maintains of its originality. Once again this process of change rela tes to drawing as ideas and drawing as memory, Hopkins time consuming change to the image represents the processes within drawing. As disused in Hopkins work there is congruence here with Robert Rauschenberg drawing Erased de Kooning, 1953. Here the drawing has been removed as part of the progression of drawing. There is a clear conceptual starting point here with both artists. Once again this relates to memory. The initial image has been completely removed; however it is still obvious of its existence. Drawings are often created and removed by the lack of success in the drawing. This process of change is clear. The existence of the drawing has shifted from being obvious to then becoming unsure. From the title of the work we cant help but imagine what was. In relation to Hopkins work both artists are drawing attention to what they are taken away, creating possibilities for stereotypical images. There is significance in drawing then to painting or to be known in some sense the painting is once again the drawing. Although we would not understand that this was once a drawing, the title allows an understanding -Text and Image. The text and image represent a personal commentary on concerns that shape much recent art. Drawing into Sculpture chapter Two memories Drawings is analytical but its also expressive in its own right, it has duty to bear witness, nit simply by making a representation of something, but taking things apart and reassembling in a way that makes new connections, it is entirely experimental- Antony Gormley This chapter will discuss sculpture and drawing as a way to discover ideas. Joseph Beuys would have had false conceptions running through his mind if he hadnt made drawingsDrawing in this case would relate to drawing as expressing ideas. Drawing in these key terms would exist differently in real space than a sketched or painted one. With the situation of postmodernism, practice is not defined in relation to the given medium-sculpture- but rather in relation to the logical operations on a set of cultural terms for which any medium -photography, books, lines on wall, mirrors, or sculpture itself might be used. Thus the field provides both for an expanded but finite set of related positions for a given artist to occupy and explore The sculptural work is physically present and the space it exists in identical with real space. Drawing and painting for example tell stories, stories from the artist and stories that we are allowed to fabricate. Whether reality and fiction are allowed to be classified drawing does however extend into those dream dimensions that seem unattainable for sculpture.The drawing as known is not dedicated to any kind of medium, after the breakdown of modernism it seemed that artist became less concerned with the properties of a specific medium. Indeed artist would go against convention. As Stuart Morgan comments on Louise Bourgeois work, For an artist with no fixed style or material or medium, only the rule seems to apply and that there are no rules. No rules at least, which cannot be broken. Despite all gloomy prognoses of the end of freehand drawing, the strengths of drawing- being able to develop, test, and vary and idea with the greatest possible freedom and with an individual touch- have yet been obtained. When I think of Auguste Rodin this prognosis allows me to point out that Rodin thus falls into another category outlined by Berger, in this case drawing from observation and not memory. Rodins important synthesis defined the importance of the body in order to bring out purity. The artists drawing fall under different categories: drawings as preparations for sculptures; drawings as observational exercises per se and drawings from imagination. His approach to drawing as a sculpture, in his black drawings is visible in Rodin use of three dimensionality achieved by the use of chiaroscuro. It is interesting to find Rodin an artist from a traditional period within art, however Rodin felt it was necessary to go back to observation as his drawings became unknown. I realis ed my drawings where too divorced from reality, I started all over again, and worked from my life models. To summarise Rodin used drawing to work out his sculptures using observations, the artist that I will now discuss differ in terms of their practice as it seems fair to say that now drawing is used as an excursion away from reality. This past observation looks at the similarities in which contemporary artists such as Rachael Whiteread that used drawing as a way to form her compositions and as a tool of expressing the object/structure with all of its possibilities. These drawings would initially start as plans, and without these plans false conceptions of the work would appear apparent. Whiteread draws with a sculptures mind, for she follows that sense peculiar to making wood or stone sculptures. The drawing is seen as a field as co-extensive with real space, no longer subject to the illusion of an object marked off from the rest of the world. The space of illusionism can change and connect with the space within the world, in doing so it loses its objective and would become more subjective and accessible only to the individuals raw perception. Furthermore, drawing dedicates itself to the space within. The importance of drawing within the space is a crucial process whiteread would have, by redraw the entire space to understand and refine her ideas. For instance, if we look at Floor Study, 1994, ink correction fluid on paper, 46x34cm This wonderful drawing evokes such movement and repetition that can be designed in the sculptures she makes. In relation to such work Louise Bourgeois who uses her drawings as ways of sketching forth ideas. Her memories are the inspiration as she draws sense of her childhood from memory this way of drawing is not systematically correct as there is no end to the line. It was only a matter of time before drawing could be viewed as an opportunity and opportunity to develop the traditions and stick by the conventions in only a symbolic sense. Artists would now discover the imagination as they moved without restraints between media. The Insomnia Drawings, by Louise Bourgeois are a series of two hundred and twenty drawings that contain major themes in her work. Very important in these Insomnia Drawings is the link between drawing and words. The artist expressed her ideas about childhood fears and memories via drawing. Drawing became the channel to exorcise her fears. In my opinion her draw ings are described mainly from a psychoanalytical point of view. Bronfen, The insomnia Drawings suggests that the artists drawings can be divided into two main categories: on one hand abstract and geometric on the other figurative and realistic.Marie- Laurie Bernadac elucidates that the abstract drawings come from a deep need to achieve peace, rest and sleep, they relate to unconscious memories whereas the realistic drawings represent the conquest of negative memory, the need to erase and get rid of..I found these distinctions that Marie-Laure draws between realistic and abstract drawings interesting, However in my opinion the drawings that is described as realistic could not be described as such in the conventional sense. I see her drawings as more of a dreamt reality. In this sense the act of Bourgeois drawings are successful in expressing her ideas, for instance the work femme maison, where the link between the female body and the house is expressed in a simple and effective way . If we look closely as though we were discovering the secret poetry within Twomblys paintings, Bourgeois uses words which are generally used to express ideas; in her drawings words become drawings themselves. Furthermore the use of words as an aesthetic element with excitement functions to challenge the separation of written word and visual language. In fact the artist expresses them as a whole. Words are also used to represent the banality of everyday.In other words, every real artist, by means of lines compels us to recognise what has been drawn this is the spirit of the subject. Close to Bourgeois subject would undoubtedly be Tracy Emin, her work also makes reference to the feminine and sublime. Tracy Emin returns to drawing as the primary means of expressing her abject state of mind and body. Though she employs a vast array of media such as film, sculpture and performance, it is however drawing that satisfies her confessional practice with a constant presence within her practis e (. i.e.). The line takes control over the way she makes marks; with thread she can sew the line and engage with the same familiarities that the line has within drawing. The difference between drawing and a picture is that in the latter the subject is worked out for us to look at; the former I can imagine so many things which are only suggested. The possibilities of drawing fall back to its original tradition; there is a constant flux of ideas that of which deal with the process of change and randomness. Jan Albers for instance, works in a constant hover between reality and phantasm between figuration and abstract. His interest in spiritualism and imagery reveal the intensity of his artistic research and practice. In this example the exploding lines of colour create a shield covering the figure which defines the structure of the drawing as repetitive mark making with use of the pencil. Often his drawings become three dimensional; the drawings step out into our reality and also are part of Albers reality. The radiating lines extend the drawings hung on the wall; his work deplores the change in drawing and is an infinite example of what drawing can become or what drawing has become. Drawing to me is far greater than being such of a secondary nature; it is in fact primary Sometimes leading to the discovery of another. Progression with their chosen materials Joseph Beuys for instance, his drawing can be compared to most recent works within contemporary art such as Monika Grzymala. The drawing is an exercise far removed from perfection often their drawings are much obvious where there drawing began and what sequence the overlapping steps where executed. Furthermore these artists both deal with Time and Energy. Beuys drawings share a complexity of line yet the basic materials used to create the line defines a greater similarity. There lines are erratic and confusing to look at; Beuys drawings investigate his ideas using his memories to make a mark. Grzymala works with tape as her tool too make a mark on a surface. Line is a point taken for a walk There is a fearful energy to Monika Grzymalas drawing installations: layer upon layer of black lines scrawling up the gallery walls. They have a similar intensity to Beuys spontaneous suggestions of form. Beuys per formative actions served to widen the possibilities for what was considered art. I am defining the themes of change and progression; anything and everything has become possible. Drawing and performance the body chapter three This chapter will discuss, drawing in relation to performance within the conceptual art world. I will use artist such as Paul McCarthy, Rebecca Horn and Ives Klein as a way of comparing and evaluating the extreme ways in which these artists would create drawings but not in the traditional sense. These artists would go against their traditions and explore possibilities of finding a new way of drawing, idea art that reinforce the connections with figure and ground and the physical relation that they have engaged with. If we look at the work of Keith Herring it is clear to identify the fusion of post modern theory that, activist practise and the appropriation of the idea of site specific drawing (performance).The growing eclecticism of styles in the 1980s gave artists the freedom to appropriate style and form from other disciplines such as architectural, fashion, and scientific illustration, as well as popular culture.At this time particular artist began to champion drawing again, origi nally seen as the eccentrics within art, and then gradually acknowledged as important individuals. It can be said that drawing for these artist could be the only method that allowed them to fully express their thoughts, ideas and emotions.For instance Rebecca Horn is a performance artist who creates site specific installations, a sculpture that also makes films whose values of drawing derive from this process of her experimentation. These following examinations will portray the artistic style and energy, motifs and aesthetic strategies in which reflect the importance of drawing and demonstrate why these drawings should be accorded far greater importance than they have been in all her previous exhibitions and publications.Even in the momentum of drawing Rebecca Horn fuses conceptual thinking with emotional and per formative procedure. For instance, her Pencil Mask from 1972 (image), considers these aspects offering a more empathetic demonstration of this approach. Rebecca Horn challenges the drawing and the making of the drawing proves a highly concentrated labour. The head mask consisting of a lattice of vertical and horizontal straps cross.Systematically the actions are prepared to measure spontaneous expression. It can be

Intro to Contemporary Society

To ask any person what family means in contemporary society is to take a glimpse into the multitude of terms describing family forms, that is; â€Å"household, couple family, nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, blended families and stepfamilies† (Germov & Poole, 2007). Therefore regardless of how a family is structured an integral component that each one of these families has is the role they play in the socialisation process.That is, every person’s life from the time they are born till the time they pass will be encompassed with acquiring what is their cultural â€Å"norms, values, beliefs, attitudes and language† (Gecas, 2001, p. 2855). In doing so the individuals self and personality will be formed and moulded. For the purpose of this essay I will concentrate on the significance of family in the socialisation process and three facets for which family is central, they are: behaviour, development and gender roles.Predominately, the three aspec ts will focus on the primary socialisation that focuses on the progression of one’s development. It will examine the nuclear family diversity within family socialisation and describe how different family types socialise. Finally it will briefly discuss the change in family roles within contemporary society. Socialisation is a continual process of cultural diffusion that recognises social identities, roles and personal behaviours that an individual will learn so to become a member of society (Scott, 2006).Every individual begins the process of socialisation within the early years of personhood within the context of their family. Our parents, siblings, grandparents and extended immediate family are our primary agents, who develop our knowledge and skills through a variety of actions (Scott, 2006). Therefore the family in the socialisation process is the most influential and essential for a child’s development. A newly born baby is not a very social being; it is the paren ts’ role to train the baby and to help make it properly social (Plummer, 2010).As parents respond to their baby’s physical needs, they are starting to implement what the baby should expect from their surroundings and the way they should communicate their needs. A child’s earliest interaction with society is through the relationships it develops with its family members. These relationships during a baby’s development play a key role in their future social adjustments (Strickland, 2001). In relation, families who provide dependable and responsive care, aid the child to develop personal evelopment that can be considered typical to what society views as normal. In doing so the child will be able to develop relationships with others that are beneficial and nourishing (Plummer, 2010). An example of children who do not receive this type of care would be to refer to the studies that have been complied regarding feral children. It has been suggested by Plummer (20 10) that children who have been â€Å"left to live in isolation and then discovered, later show that they simply cannot function as social beings† (p. 20).Similarly a family who during the child’s developmental years pass on what they think and understand to be principle behaviours, attitudes, skills and values can be suggested to be exercising the social learning theory researched by Jean Piaget (1896-1980). According to social learning theory, behaviours and attitudes develop in response to reinforcement and encouragement from those around us†¦ the identity people acquire is based more on the behaviours and attitudes of people around them than the interior landscape of the individual (Anderson & Taylor, 2006, p. 4). For example, household rules govern behaviour, generosity and caring are socially respected merits that are taught within the home and culture, and interpersonal behaviour function as models for interactions with outside people (Strickland, 2001). He nce, during the primary socialisation it is not only the matter to understand what are the patterns of behaviour, the rules or the norms, â€Å"it is a matter of learning to the extent to which they become part of the way people think† (Gecas, 2001, p. 2856).In addition, support and control from families are the most powerful models of influence in the socialisation process. Children who are continually supported by their family through the progression of significant life stages are found to present encouraging â€Å"cognitive development, moral behaviour, positive self esteem, academic achievement and social competence† (Rollins & Thomas, 1979, p. 41). Conversely, where there is a lack of family support children may display negative outcomes. Rollins and Thomas (1979) suggest â€Å"low self esteem, delinquency, deviance, drug use, and various other problem behaviours† (p. 2). Also, parental control is just as important as support in the socialisation process. J ust like support, the level of control families exercise forms of punishment, discipline, supervision, strictness and monitoring can lead to positive or negative developmental and behavioural outcomes for the child. A significant behaviour that is discovered in the family context is what it means to be a boy or girl. This process takes place when the families we exist in â€Å"condition our behaviours by treating boys and girls in accordance with social expectations† (Holmes, 200, p. 3). Children â€Å"quickly learn how men and women are expected to behave, even if those close to them do not always behave according to those expectations† (Holmes, 2007, p. 43). The socialisation experience of girls across cultures is geared towards motherhood and males will be workers (Hoffman, 1977). The main point here is these similarities across cultures and over time have led many to believe that gender roles â€Å"must be biologically based and unchangeable† (Hoffman, 1977, p. 644) to reflect the expectations of society.It tends to be the case in contemporary society that an array of different family types exist. No more are children being born into married mother and father couples, they are also being reared to unwed heterosexual couples, divorced couples, unattached heterosexual men and women, and to adults who have used IVF techniques, to which they may or may not be related too. This is only a selection of a small number of family types that now occupy society and as a result the way in which these families come to socialise will differ.To identify why these differences exist would be to observe not only the family type but factors that are confounded within the family type (Grusec & Hastings, 2007). In other words, according to Grusec and Hastings (2007) the functioning of an individual is influenced by the relationship within the family. Therefore, if there were an absence of the mother or father in the home, such as single-parent habitat, it w ould bestow a different family socialisation context.Also, children and parents who live in different family structures may have the right to use distinctive economic, community and social resources, and as a result this may offer greater experiences of cultural surroundings in a variety of ways. For example, parents with â€Å"low incomes and less access to resources show poorer socialisation practices and less authoritative parenting styles, compared to more financially well off parents† (Grusec & Hastings, 2007, p. 329).Children who live in homes that require constant residential moving, for example parents who are divorced will experience problems in adjusting compared to children whose families provide stable environments (Grusec & Hastings, 2007). Consequently, for the majority of human beings who will experience society through the observations of our initial family practices, we will all grow up thinking that ‘our’ family is normal. It is not until we beg in to realise that ‘our’ family is a part of the many varieties of family types mentioned above, that the diversity of family is introduced.Even until today the nuclear family continues to create a dominant principle in much of the Western world, and Rapoport and Rapoport (1982) have described family diversity by contributing to the idealised conception that the nuclear family is disappearing. As Poole (2005, as citied in Bittman & Pixley, 1997) has pointed out examining household types at one juncture obscures transitions such as children leaving home, thus creating single-person or couple households; having children; separating and divorcing; ageing and moving to live with married children or to supported accommodation; and then dying.Throughout this period, nuclear family households are created and broken up and then recreated – sometimes several times (p. 67). Factors that are also contributing to the demise of the nuclear family are â€Å"increased longevit y, declining fertility, rising divorce rates and increase in the proportion of people who will never marry† (Poole, 2005, p. 67-68). Hence, it is no longer infrequent or rare to come across children who will appear from an assorted mixture of parents and families. Likewise it is not uncommon in contemporary society that the role of the women has changed.It is no longer the actuality that women will spend much of their lives pregnant, nursing or caring for children. This change has resulted primarily from three converging factors, â€Å"smaller family size, longer life expectancy and higher employment rates for women throughout their life cycle† (Hoffman, 1977, p. 644). The socialisation process across cultures for girls is geared toward motherhood; therefore if motherhood is no longer the major role of women in society, then the socialisation process can be expected to change (Hoffman, 1977).However, in spite of all these changes the responsibility for women to have chi ldren is still her role. Furthermore the role of the female in the family has evolved with the contemporary woman who is choosing to have an increased control over their fertility and as result they are marrying later in life, having children later, and having fewer children. In addition, the increased acceptance and expectation in society that women work is also bearing waves on the reduction of babies being conceived, so too is the proportion of women pursuing higher education qualifications.Overall, whether or not the birth rate remains low is difficult to predict, but there is clearly an increase in the number of couples who expect to have only two children (Hoffman, 1977), so where does this leave the generation continuance in the socialisation process? In conclusion every human being when they enter the world of life will be thrust into the process of socialisation for which their families bear the greatest responsibility. They will become a distinct mark in the culture they p reside too and the self will evolve through the wondrous capabilities of learning, identifying, and developing who they are as an individual.There are many aspects for which the family is fundamental during the socialisation process and we can appreciate that in respect to the assortment of different family types there will be altered approaches to how families socialise, much diversity and ongoing change. As the individual evolves during the many stages of their life, they too will become the family member who takes the role in the socialisation process and it will now be their responsibility to ensure that the culture they belong to continues on. References Gecas, V. (2001).Socialisation: Encyclopedia of Sociology (Vol. 4, 2nd ed. , pp. 2855-2864). Retrieved from http://www. gale. cengage. com Germov, J. , & Poole, M. (2007). Public sociology: An introduction to Australian society. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Grusec, J. E. , & Hastings, P. D (2007). Handbook of socialisation : Theory and Research. New York, NY: Guilford Publications. Hoffman, L. W. (1977). Changes in family roles, socialisation, and sex differences. American Psychologist Journal, (August), 644-657. Holmes, M. (2007). What is gender?.London, England: Sage Publications. Plummer, K. (2010). Sociology: The basics. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Poole, M. (2005). Family: Changing families, changing times. NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Rapoport, R. , & Rapoport, R. N. (1982). Families in Britain. London: Routledge Rollins, B. C. , & Thomas, D. L. (1979). Parental support, power, and control techniques in the socialisation of children. New York, NY: Free Press Strickland, B. (2001). Socialisation: The Gale Encylopedia of Psychology (2nd ed, pp. 607-609). Retrieved from http:www. gale. cengage. com